Vitamins for Women: What to Take and When
A woman who's still menstruating needs different vitamins than a woman who is post-menopausal. And as you get older, taking a multivitamin is probably a good idea.
A recent study that garnered lots of media attention concluded that multivitamins don't do much to help prevent cancer or heart disease in older women. But that doesn’t mean post-menopausal women should toss their multivitamins in the garbage.
What’s important to know is that poor nutrition increases a woman's risk for heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis. While there may be some controversy over just how important multivitamins are for older women, experts agree that healthy eating and meeting minimum daily vitamin requirements are essential to good health over time.
"When it comes to preventing certain diseases, vitamins may not be a panacea,” says Heidi Skolnik, MS, a nutrition consultant and nationally recognized writer, editor, and lecturer. “That said, women typically diet, and so there are often gaping holes in their nutrition. Most experts like myself prefer to recommend food as the prominent source of vitamins because the body may use food-sourced vitamins more efficiently than supplements."
Vitamins for Women: What You Need
Our bodies are like fine cars. You can’t put regular gas in a Porsche and expect it to run well. For that reason, you should consider adding the following nutrients to your diet:
Calcium. A woman typically needs 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams of calcium daily, depending on her age. You can reach this daily requirement by eating or drinking dairy and soy products (preferably fat-free) or pure orange juice that’s been fortified with calcium, or by taking calcium supplements. As women age, their bone mass decreases. At this point, women need to be at the upper end of the daily calcium requirement to lower their risk of osteoporosis.
Vitamin D. Sunlight triggers the development of vitamin D in your body; but as women get older they lose some of their ability to convert sunlight into vitamin D, and without vitamin D your body can't use calcium. Also, protecting yourself from skin cancer with sunscreen means shutting out the vitamin D you'd get from the sun. To compensate for this loss, older women might consider taking a multivitamin containing both vitamin D and calcium. To help you understand how much vitamin D you need each day, consider this: A glass of milk provides about 100 international units (IU) of vitamin D. If you’re over 50, you should be getting 400 IU. Over 70, you need 600 IU daily.
Iron. If you’re still menstruating, you need to be sure you're getting an adequate amount of iron in order to prevent anemia. “Food sources are a good starting point, but you may need supplements,” says Skolnik. You’ll find iron in meat, poultry, beans, eggs, and tofu. “It’s important to pair your iron-rich meals with foods that contain vitamin C, like orange juice or citrus fruits, because vitamin C helps increase iron absorption," Skolnik says. If you are a woman past menopause you need less iron, so unless your doctor recommends an iron supplement, you should look for a multivitamin without iron.
Folic acid. Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant need to get more folic acid; it has been shown that low levels of this B vitamin can lead to birth defects in the baby affecting the brain and spinal cord. In addition to supplements, folic acid can be found in orange juice, beans, and green vegetables, and in foods such as breads and flour that have been fortified with it.
Beta-carotene. Skolnik says that antioxidants — cancer-fighting substances like beta-carotene and vitamin C — help defend your body against cell damage. "Food sources are best for beta-carotene, and they include carrots, apricots, papaya, cantaloupe, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and mangoes.” In other words, look for the color orange when you're in the produce aisle.
B6 and B12. Like vitamin D, vitamin B12 is not processed as well by older women and may be one vitamin to consider taking in supplement form, perhaps through a multivitamin. Both B vitamins are very important as you grow older. "Vitamin B6 helps with red-blood cell formation and vitamin B12 helps with nerve-cell and red-blood cell development," Skolnick says. These vitamins can be found in a wide variety of healthful foods; following basic food pyramid recommendations is a good way to make sure you get enough of each. As an example, Skolnick says "you can get a day's supply of vitamin B12 by eating one chicken breast, one hard-boiled egg, a cup of plain low-fat yogurt or one cup of milk, plus one cup of raisin bran."
Omega-3 fatty acids. These acids have been shown to act like natural anti-inflammatory substances in the body. They may also be important in helping to keep your heart healthy. As a woman gets older, her levels of estrogen decline, and that puts her at greater risk for heart disease, Skolnik says. Fatty fish, like salmon and tuna, is a great source of omega-3 fats, and pure orange juice is often fortified with omega-3s. Or, she adds, “Taking fish oil capsules is an excellent way to make sure you target these important fats."
Vitamins for Women: The 411 on Multivitamins
Although most nutritional needs can be met through a healthy, well-balanced diet, many women, especially older women, can benefit from a good multivitamin.
When looking for multivitamins check to see that the bottle has a USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or DSVP (Dietary Supplement Verification Program) stamp. These organizations assure that the content claims on the label are true. Skolnik also recommends checking out Consumerlab.com, a Web site that reviews vitamins, before you make any purchases.
If you are an older woman, ask your doctor or pharmacist to make sure you're getting enough calcium and vitamins B12 and D from your multivitamin, and not too much iron.
Generally speaking, most experts believe that taking multivitamins is a good idea. "Clearly when it comes to calcium and vitamin D we all need additional supplementation. We can only eat so much dairy or fortified foods in a day. For the rest, a multivitamin may help to fill in the gaps that your diet does not provide," says Skolnik.
A woman who's still menstruating needs different vitamins than a woman who is post-menopausal. And as you get older, taking a multivitamin is probably a good idea.
A recent study that garnered lots of media attention concluded that multivitamins don't do much to help prevent cancer or heart disease in older women. But that doesn’t mean post-menopausal women should toss their multivitamins in the garbage.
What’s important to know is that poor nutrition increases a woman's risk for heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis. While there may be some controversy over just how important multivitamins are for older women, experts agree that healthy eating and meeting minimum daily vitamin requirements are essential to good health over time.
"When it comes to preventing certain diseases, vitamins may not be a panacea,” says Heidi Skolnik, MS, a nutrition consultant and nationally recognized writer, editor, and lecturer. “That said, women typically diet, and so there are often gaping holes in their nutrition. Most experts like myself prefer to recommend food as the prominent source of vitamins because the body may use food-sourced vitamins more efficiently than supplements."
Vitamins for Women: What You Need
Our bodies are like fine cars. You can’t put regular gas in a Porsche and expect it to run well. For that reason, you should consider adding the following nutrients to your diet:
Calcium. A woman typically needs 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams of calcium daily, depending on her age. You can reach this daily requirement by eating or drinking dairy and soy products (preferably fat-free) or pure orange juice that’s been fortified with calcium, or by taking calcium supplements. As women age, their bone mass decreases. At this point, women need to be at the upper end of the daily calcium requirement to lower their risk of osteoporosis.
Vitamin D. Sunlight triggers the development of vitamin D in your body; but as women get older they lose some of their ability to convert sunlight into vitamin D, and without vitamin D your body can't use calcium. Also, protecting yourself from skin cancer with sunscreen means shutting out the vitamin D you'd get from the sun. To compensate for this loss, older women might consider taking a multivitamin containing both vitamin D and calcium. To help you understand how much vitamin D you need each day, consider this: A glass of milk provides about 100 international units (IU) of vitamin D. If you’re over 50, you should be getting 400 IU. Over 70, you need 600 IU daily.
Iron. If you’re still menstruating, you need to be sure you're getting an adequate amount of iron in order to prevent anemia. “Food sources are a good starting point, but you may need supplements,” says Skolnik. You’ll find iron in meat, poultry, beans, eggs, and tofu. “It’s important to pair your iron-rich meals with foods that contain vitamin C, like orange juice or citrus fruits, because vitamin C helps increase iron absorption," Skolnik says. If you are a woman past menopause you need less iron, so unless your doctor recommends an iron supplement, you should look for a multivitamin without iron.
Folic acid. Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant need to get more folic acid; it has been shown that low levels of this B vitamin can lead to birth defects in the baby affecting the brain and spinal cord. In addition to supplements, folic acid can be found in orange juice, beans, and green vegetables, and in foods such as breads and flour that have been fortified with it.
Beta-carotene. Skolnik says that antioxidants — cancer-fighting substances like beta-carotene and vitamin C — help defend your body against cell damage. "Food sources are best for beta-carotene, and they include carrots, apricots, papaya, cantaloupe, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and mangoes.” In other words, look for the color orange when you're in the produce aisle.
B6 and B12. Like vitamin D, vitamin B12 is not processed as well by older women and may be one vitamin to consider taking in supplement form, perhaps through a multivitamin. Both B vitamins are very important as you grow older. "Vitamin B6 helps with red-blood cell formation and vitamin B12 helps with nerve-cell and red-blood cell development," Skolnick says. These vitamins can be found in a wide variety of healthful foods; following basic food pyramid recommendations is a good way to make sure you get enough of each. As an example, Skolnick says "you can get a day's supply of vitamin B12 by eating one chicken breast, one hard-boiled egg, a cup of plain low-fat yogurt or one cup of milk, plus one cup of raisin bran."
Omega-3 fatty acids. These acids have been shown to act like natural anti-inflammatory substances in the body. They may also be important in helping to keep your heart healthy. As a woman gets older, her levels of estrogen decline, and that puts her at greater risk for heart disease, Skolnik says. Fatty fish, like salmon and tuna, is a great source of omega-3 fats, and pure orange juice is often fortified with omega-3s. Or, she adds, “Taking fish oil capsules is an excellent way to make sure you target these important fats."
Vitamins for Women: The 411 on Multivitamins
Although most nutritional needs can be met through a healthy, well-balanced diet, many women, especially older women, can benefit from a good multivitamin.
When looking for multivitamins check to see that the bottle has a USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or DSVP (Dietary Supplement Verification Program) stamp. These organizations assure that the content claims on the label are true. Skolnik also recommends checking out Consumerlab.com, a Web site that reviews vitamins, before you make any purchases.
If you are an older woman, ask your doctor or pharmacist to make sure you're getting enough calcium and vitamins B12 and D from your multivitamin, and not too much iron.
Generally speaking, most experts believe that taking multivitamins is a good idea. "Clearly when it comes to calcium and vitamin D we all need additional supplementation. We can only eat so much dairy or fortified foods in a day. For the rest, a multivitamin may help to fill in the gaps that your diet does not provide," says Skolnik.
